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Iqbal Masih

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Iqbal Masih (Muridke, Pakistan, 1983 - Muridke, Pakistan, 16 abrili 1995) est stètiu unu pipiu traballadori Pachistanu e ativista contras a su traballu abusivu de is pipius in Pakistan.[1][2][3][4][5]

Iqbal Masih
اقبال مسیح
Masih cun s'ativista Ehsan Ullah Khan de su Bandhua Mukti Morcha in Sheikhupura in su cabudanni de su 1992
Connotu(a) proGherra contras a su traballu de is pipius
Nàschida1983
Muridke, Punjab, Pakistan
Morte16 abrili 1995
Muridke, Punjab, Pakistan
TzitadinàntziaPachistana
PrèmiosReebok Human Rights Award (1994)
World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child (2000)
Càusa de sa morteBocidroxu

Biografia

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Iqbal Masih est nàsciu in su 1983 in Muridke, una tzitadi comertziali a foras de Lahore in Punjab, Pakistan, in una famìlia catòlica pòbera.[1][2][3][4][5] A càturu annus, sa famìlia dd'at imbiau a traballai po agiudai a pagai is dèpidus.[6] Sa famìlia sua iat pigau in prèstitu 600 rùpias (prus pagu de 12 dòllarus americanus de su perìodu) de un'imprendidori chi teniat una faina de tessìngiu de tapetus. In càmbiu, Iqbal depiat traballai in s'asienda fintzas a ndi-ddu torrai totu. Dònnia dii si-ndi depiat pesai innantis de s'obrescidroxu e andai a traballai a traessu de unu caminu scuru. In su logu de traballu ddu ligànt a su telàrgiu cun cadenas po no nci fui, che a sa parti manna de is àterus pipius. Iqbal sciiat chi su dèpidu no iat a essi pagau in pagu tempus e no ndi podiat prus. Iat segau unu de is tapetus e custu dd'iat postu in arguai cun su meri de s'asienda Hussain Khan.

Fuida e ativismu

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A s'edadi de 10 annus, Iqbal si-nc'est fuiu de su cautivèriu apustis de ai scobertu chi sa Corti Suprema de Pakistan iat bandiu su cautivèriu po dèpidus.[7] At intentau de denuntziai s'impresàriu Ashad a sa politzia, ma issus nci-dd'ant torrau a portai a s'asienda.[8] Iqbal est torrau a fui e at atèndiu sa scola de su fronti po sa liberatzioni de is traballadoris in cautivèriu (Bandhua Mukti Morcha, BMM) e cumpletau su cursu de cuàturu annus in duus annus sceti[8]. Iqbal at agiudau a prus de 3.000 pipius pachistanus a fui cara a sa libertadi e pronuntziau arraxonus in totu su mundu.

At disigiau de bessiri abogau po tenni prus ainas po liberai a traballadoris in cautivèriu e at incumentzau a bisitai àterus paisus, comenti a sa Svètzia e is Stadus Aunius, po cumpartziri sa stòria sua e incorai a àterus a s'auniri a sa gherra contras a su cautivèru de is pipius.[9]

In su 1994 dd'ant onorau cun su Reebok Human Rights Award in Boston e in s'arrexonu de atzetadura at nau: "Seu unu de cuddus millionis de pipius chi megant de sunfriri in Pakistan po su traballu in cautivèriu e de is pipus, ma seu sortau ca gràtzias a is sfortzus de su Bandhua Mukti Morcha seu torrau in libertadi e m'agatu ainnantis a bosàterus oi. Apustis de ai otentu sa libertadi, seu intrau in sa scola de su BMM e ddoi seu studiendi imoi. Po nosu, comenti a pipius sciaus, Ehsan Ullah Khan e su BMM ant fatu sa pròpiu faina chi Abraham Lincoln at fatu po is sciaus de Amèrica. Oi, bosàterus seis lìberus e deu puru seu lìberu."[10]

Morti

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Iqbal est mortu su 16 de abrili de su 1995, dii de Pasca Manna, a 12 annus sceti de edadi. Dd'at sparau a sa schina Ashraf Hero, unu drogau de eroina[11][12][13].

Su BMM at acusau luegus sa Màfia de is Tapetus, contendi fintzas chi Iqbal iat giai arriciu ameletzus de personas ligadas a s'industria de is tapetus, ma s'arrelata de sa Cummissioni po is Deretus Umanus de su Pakistan narat chi no ddoi at proa peruna de custa tesi. Fintzas sa mama at nau de no crei chi sa Màfia de is Tapetus nc'intràt cun sa morti de Iqbal[14]. Is fradilis chi ddu fiant acumpangendi cudda dii ant contau versionis diferentis de is acuntessimentus, lassendi dudas apitzus de sa beridadi[15].

 
Placa in memòria de Iqbal Masih in Almería, Spànnia
 
Eshan Ullah Khan bisitat sa pratza de Iqbal Masih in Santiago de Compostela, Spànnia
 
'Is piciocas e piciocus de Vitoria-Gasteiz in omàgiu a Iqbal Masih', memoriali in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spànnia

Erèntzia

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  • Sa batalla de Iqbal at ispirau sa creatzioni de unas cantu organizatzionis che We Charity,[16] unu movimentu de caridadi cun basi in Canadà, e sa Iqbal Masih Shaheed Children Foundation,[17] chi at abertu prus de 20 scolas in Pakistan.
  • In su 1994, Iqbal at bisitau sa Broad Meadows Middle School in Quincy, Massachusetts,[18] e chistionau a is studiantis. At ispirau su programa apustis-scola ODW (Operation: Day's Work) de su maistu Ronald Adams[19].
  • Sa stòria de su lìburu Iqbal de Francesco D'Adamo est basada apitzus de is acuntessimentus berus, de su puntu de bista de una piciochedda chi ddi narant Fatima[20].
  • In su 1994 dd'ant giau su Reebok Youth in Action Award.[21]
  • In su 1996 su Movimiento Cultural Cristiano[22] e su Camino Juvenil Solidario ant promòviu su 16 de abrili comenti Dii Internatzionali contras su cautivèriu de is pipius in Spànnia e Amèrica Latina.[23]
  • In su 1998 s'Istituto Comprensivo Iqbal Masih de Trieste, Itàlia, at pigau su nòmini de issu.[24]
  • In su 2000 dd'ant onorau cun su World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child e a Piazzale dei Traghetti Iqbal Masih de Gènova dd'ant postu su nòmini suu.
  • Su lìburu The Little Hero: One Boy's Fight for Freedom de su 2006 contat sa stòria de s'erèntzia sua.[25]
  • In su 2009 su cungressu de is Stadus Aunius at stabilèssiu su prèmiu annuali Iqbal Masih po s'eliminatzioni de su trabalu de is pipius.[26]
  • Su 16 abrili 2012, su Cunsillu de Santiago, apustis de sa proposa de su Movimiento Cultural Cristiano, at inaugurau una pratza cun su nòmini de Iqbal in Santiago de Compostela, Spànnia.[27]
  • S'abogau po is deretus de is pipius Kailash Satyarthi[28] at bintu su Prèmiu Nobel po sa Paxi de su 2014. In s'arraxonu suu at arremonau a Iqbal, dedichendi su prèmiu a issu e a is àterus màrtiris.[29]
  • In su 2016, s'est giogau su "X Iqbal Masih Rugby Tournament" in Catania, Sitzìlia.[30]
  • Su 17 aprili 2017, s'Universidadi de Salamanca at detzìdiu de festai dònnia 16 aprili comenti Dii contras a su cautivèriu, in su nòmini de Iqbal Masih.[31]

Riferimentus

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 (EN) C. Christine Fair e Shaun Gregory, Pakistan in National and Regional Change: State and Society in Flux, Routledge, 8 April 2016, p. 38, ISBN 9781134924653.
    «The plight of Pakistan's bonded labourers came to international attention briefly with the murder of 12-year-old Christian Iqbal Masih in 1995.».
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 (EN) Jeanette Winter, Tikvah: Children's Book Creators Reflect on Human Rights, Chronicle Books, 1999, p. 84, ISBN 9781587170973.
    «Iqbal Masih was born into a poor Christian family in the village of Muridke, in Pakistan.».
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 (EN) World Vision, Volumes 38-39, World Vision, 1995, p. 41.
    «Police harassment and death threats levelled at Kailash Satyarthi, chairman of the South Asian Coalition on Child Servitude, have prompted worldwide concern for the Indian activist's safety. But it's too late for Pakistani Christian Iqbal Masih, 12, a former bonded carpet-weaver who traveled the world crusading against child labor and succeeded in shutting down many carpet factories in Pakistan. On Easter Sunday, 1995, he was shot dead in his home village in Muridke. A victim of target killing.».
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 (EN) Timothy Ryan, Iqbal Masih's Life -- a Call To Human Rights Vigilance, The Christian Science Monitor. URL consultadu su 10 martzu 2018.
    «But on a more complex and sinister level, there is some connection between the fact that Iqbal was Christian and the fact that he was pressed into slavery in the first place.».
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 (EN) Archbishop calls for Day Against Child Slavery to be dedicated to memory of Catholic boy, in Catholic News Agency. URL consultadu su 20 nadale 2021.
  6. ↑ (EN) Iqbal Masih e Blair Underwood, Presentation and Acceptance of Reebok Youth in Action Award, in Robin Broad (a incuru de), Global Backlash: Citizen Initiatives for a Just World Economy, Rowman & Littlefield, 2002, p. 199, ISBN 978-0742510340.
  7. ↑ (EN) Sandy Hobbs, Jim McKechnie e Michael Lavalette, Child Labor: A World History Companion, ABC-CLIO, 1º santugaine 1999, pp. 153–154, ISBN 978-0874369564.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 (EN) J. Kile, Iqbal Masih | moralheroes.org, in moralheroes.org. URL consultadu su 15 trìulas 2021.
  9. ↑ (EN) Wilson Chowdhry, Iqbal Masih Pakistan's Forgotten Hero, in britishpakistanichristians.org. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022 (archiviadu dae s'url originale su 2 abrile 2019).
  10. ↑ (EN) Human Rights Youth in Action Award (PDF), in activefolklore.files.wordpress.com. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022 (archiviadu dae s'url originale su 10 martzu 2016).
  11. ↑ (EN) Do not buy these carpets! | Iqbal Masih, in web.archive.org, 11 cabudanni 2014. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022 (archiviadu dae s'url originale s'11 cabudanni 2014).
  12. ↑ (EN) Ashraf Hero, heroin addict and murdereer of Iqbal Ashraf, in custody..., in Getty Images. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022.
  13. ↑ (EN) Iqbal Masih's Murder, in pangaea.org. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022.
  14. ↑ (EN) Plot Discounted in Death of Pakistani Boy, in SFGATE, 21 abrile 1995. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022.
  15. ↑ (EN) A bullet cannot kill a dream | Iqbal Masih, in web.archive.org, 11 cabudanni 2014. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022 (archiviadu dae s'url originale s'11 cabudanni 2014).
  16. ↑ (EN) Iqbal and Craig: Two children against child labour, in newint.org, 19 January 2016. URL consultadu su 19 January 2016 (archiviadu dae s'url originale su 1º freàrgiu 2016).
  17. ↑ (EN) Iqbal Masih Shaheed Children Foundation, in imscf.org, 19 ghennàrgiu 2016. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022 (archiviadu dae s'url originale su 1º austu 2015).
  18. ↑ (EN) Broad Meadows Middle School, Paragraph 5, in goodweave.org, 19 ghennàrgiu 2016.
  19. ↑ (EN) Operation Day’s Work – USA, in Operation Day’s Work, 15 maju 2016. URL consultadu su 25 abrile 2022.
  20. ↑ (EN) Francesco D'Adamo, Iqbal, in scholastic.com, 19 ghennàrgiu 2016.
  21. ↑ (EN) GoodWeave, Iqbal Masih, Child Hero, in youtube.com, 18 March 2013. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022 (archiviadu dae s'url originale su 3 abrile 2022).
  22. ↑ (ES) Movimiento Cultural Cristiano – Web Oficial, in www.movimientoculturalcristiano.org.
  23. ↑ (EN) Welcome to the website of Iqbal Masih in solidaridad.net - Iqbal Masih [ligàmene interrùmpidu], in solidaridad.net.
  24. ↑ (IT) Iqbal Masih - Storia, in www.iqbalmasihtrieste.it. URL consultadu su 10 maju 2016 (archiviadu dae s'url originale su 14 nadale 2016).
  25. ↑ (EN) Andrew Crofts, The Little Hero: One Boy's Fight for Freedom - Iqbal Masih's Story, 2006, ISBN 9781904132844.
  26. ↑ (EN) Iqbal Masih Award, in dol.gov, 16 ghennàrgiu 2016.
  27. ↑ (ES) SAIn Galicia: IQBAL MASIH YA TIENE PLAZA EN SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, in SAIn Galicia, 23 freàrgiu 2012. URL consultadu su 28 abrile 2022.
  28. ↑ (EN) The Nobel Peace Prize 2014, in Nobelprize.org. URL consultadu s'11 freàrgiu 2016.
  29. ↑ (EN) "Let Us March!" Nobel Lecture by Kailash Satyarthi, Oslo, 10 December 2014., Nobelprize.org. URL consultadu s'11 freàrgiu 2016.
    «I give the biggest credit of this honour to my movement's Kaalu Kumar, Dhoom Das and Adarsh Kishore from India and Iqbal Masih from Pakistan who made the supreme sacrifice for protecting the freedom and dignity of children. I humbly accept this award on behalf of all such martyrs, my fellow activists across the world and my countrymen.».
  30. ↑ (IT) Ufficio Stampa, X Torneo "Coppa Iqbal Masih" 23/24 aprile 2016, in sicilia.federugby.it.
  31. ↑ (ES) Colegio Oficial de Graduados Sociales de Salamanca, in www.graduadosocialsalamanca.es.
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